Motor with fluid actuated valve



July 10, 1934- F.` ToLKlEN n MOTOR WITH` FLUID ACTUATED VALVE Filed May 27, 1929 4 sheets-sheet 1 July l0, 1934.

F. TOLKIEN Filed May 27. 1929 i Q y l L I I v l, i

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MOTOR WITH FLUID ACTUATED VALVE Filed May 27, 1929 4 sheets-sheet 4 Patented July 10, 1934 UNITED. STATES 1,965,914 ill/KIOTOR WITH AACTUATED'VALV l Fritz Tolkien, Hanover, Germany Application May 27, 1929, Serial No; 366,394 InGermanyMayyG, 1928 v 6 claims.; (c1. 121-157) (Granted vbeingoperated by-steamiwhichfacts on difieren-x'4 Y 5. tial pistons comprising a smallerV and av larger piston at' each end ofx the valve which work in corresponding reversing `chambers in the slide Valve casing,- the slide valve being held in each vofits end positions by steam supplied tothe 10 smaller` diiierential piston at each end in turn. f The slide valve is moved out of the endposi'- tion Iby supplying steam to the largerfdiierential piston at the lother-end. This movement of the slideV valveis however only short, ifor after 'moving a 'short 'distancethe valve shutsofi the steam supply-to the'larg'er differential piston, so that after the expansion` of this A steam a `condi-- Y tionof equilibrium is produced 'between the steam pressure acting on" the vsmall piston at olie end Yr "'of the slide valve andf'on the .larger piston at the other end'Y of the slide `valveandfthe lslide valve thus comes to rest in a position intermediate `the vendv positions, in which the' valve cuts voff the supply 'of 'steamto the'cylin'der. The

- *steam cut oil isdetermined bythe 'time-.taken by the valveto reach the position ofvequilibrium, so that by regulating the movement of theslide valve, the steam `cut-circan be varied.

YThe present invention: has for its object to enable this cut-off regulation to :be eiected within the entire range from zero .to .100. per cent, with the utmost accuracy and reliability. According to the invention positively controlled members such as valves are provided, which regulate vthe timing of the admission of ,steamftof the larger diierential piston of the slide valve which moves the slide valve into the steam cut-oii position.

The slide valve is movedout; of this steam Vcut off position, in which the exhaust is still open, into its endposition for admitting steam to be other end-of the engine cylinder, by means of steam admitted ina known manner tothe smaller piston of the slide valve on the same end` as'the larger diierential piston whichhas moved the valverinto the intermediate position. Both the differential pistons at thisend-v are now under steam pressure and the valve is -caused toy travel further into its end position, with the steam inlets and outlets of the cylinderfreversed by 50 exhausting the steam acting on the smaller differential piston Which has hitherto' prevented this movement. l The invention is `illustrated in various constructional forms in the' accompanying drawings,

in .which I under the'provisions of see. 14, act of March 2, 19277;..357 O. G. 5)

Fig. 1 shows'a constructional form of the invention, with the slide valve in itsright-hand vposition with the workingpiston moving to the right. H y .j

Fig. lb is a section 'through a detail. 60

Fig. 2 shows `'the slide valve in the steam out off position;

Fig. 3 shows the slide valve in the left-hand end position, the working piston of the engine moving to the left.

Fig. 4fshows the slideA valve in the position on which it cuts off the steam supply during the *movement ofthe working piston from right to left. I Y

Referring to the drawings, the workingpiston b 7o moves infa steam cylinder a,"to, which steam is supplied from a'steam inlet Ey through pipes a1,

a? and a slide valve casing cin which slidesa piston slide valve 'comprising two cylindrical portionsdlanddzconnected `together by arod d, to

whichrare alsoattached diiierential pistons c,t e1,

e2 and e3, which 'move' in reversing chambers j,

f1 f2 and f3 inthe slide valve casing. y The steam passes into the cylinder between the larger difierential pistons e1 fand, e? and the slide valve parts 80 d1 and d2 throughithe cylinder'admissionports a3A and a4, respectively..l The exhaust steam escapes from the cylinder 'athrough ports h1, h2, respectivelyinto the valve casingb'etween the parts d1 and d2 and is then led away through an exhaust 85 steaml connection 1c tovanl outlet A. vThe valve mechanism just described 'is know"n.r It is likewise known to hold the valve fast in its end positions and also, by admitting steam to the various controlling chambers', Ytovmove the slide valve in- 90 termittently in such a way that itis first brought into its cut-oil` position in which it interrupts the steamk admission to the working cylinder, and

; then passes into its end position, in which the steam paths to the working cylinder arereversed.

'The cut-01T can be regulated by causing the valve tofrestwith certainty into the required cut-01T position. For this purpose two control valves s1 and s2 are provided, hereinafter designated admission control valves.

These admission' control valves communicate through steam pipes m and ml'with the chambers f1 and f2 of the slide valve casing, in whichthe larger',diierential pistons e1 and e2 work, which movethe slide valve intothe steamcuteoi posi 110 reversing chamber f3 valves -s1 and s2 is tion. The admission control valves are actuated as hereinafter described. The differential pistons e and e3 are supplied with live steam under the control of a small distributing slide valve t1 and a reversing valve t2 housed in separate compartments in a common casing 1,-said compartments being on either side of a partition having ports 18 and r9. Steam is supplied to the casing r through a pipe stop valve V.

The valve t1 is reciprocated by a crank 21 on the engine crankshaft 121 which crank is connected by a connecting rod 22 tothe valve spindle 23, so as to place the ports rfand r9 alternately in communication with the pipe 111. t2 is actuated by the hand lever 24 pivoted on a xed bearing member 25 and connected-to', they valve spindle 26 by means of a link 27.

In the position shown-in Fig. l the steam supplied through the pipe r11 tothe casing 1' passes through the port rand the compartment of the., reversing' valve t2 through the port r6 andthe a pipe 11 connected therewith into the reversing chamber f,

When the distributing slide valve t1 is displaced during the rotation of the engine shaft,.so,that it covers the port T8 and uncovers the port 19, asY

shovvnA in Figs. Sand 4 steam from the pipe 1'11 passes through the compartment ofthe slide valve t1, the port r9, the port r3 and the pipe 111 to the at the other end of the slide 1 valve. and then acts upon the .differential piston e3.

The reversing valvekt2-can bemmoved from the positionsho'wn in Fig. 1 to the position shown in Fig. lbbymovingthehand lever 24v into the position indicated by the centre line 241- in Fig. 1 to interchange the steampaths. for the controlling` steam` with one another as shown in Fig; 1b. By

Vthis .means the .directionof revolution of the engine can be reversed, Without adjusting the opermunica'tes through yit. Iand through the-port r6 With the casing 1'. Each` of .the admission ,control l a therefore' connected-toa steam pipe connected to the reversing chamberat the other endof the slide valve, so `that when the re- Versing chamber f on the left-hand side receives steam, the admission control .valve -s2 .receives s teamv through the lpipe. 15and conversely, when the chamberfreceives steam the admission control valve s1. receives steamthroughvth'e pipe 11. In the position illustrated in Fig. 1,'theadmission controlvalve s1 is evacuated, becauselthe pipe r1 `communicates through theportsr3 and-r9 with theexhaust port T12 in the. casing 1. Similarly -in the opposite position` of thedistributing. valve t1, the Aadmission Acontrol f valve s? is evacuated through the pipe 'r5`the. ports r6 and. 18 andthe exhaust port 11 in the casing 1'.

The reversingchambers f1 andj2 are evacu- Iated through thepipes o .and o1. Atone end of 4,the valve rod is ,arranged a small piston e4,vvhich moves in a dashl pot piston e5, which movesyvith a .certainamount of clearance in the chamber f5 fink the slide valve casing,t he ends of whichcommunicate through pipes 14 and 1".V and the pipe nl ,and.1i, .respectively with the valve casing 1.

T111 FiS- 1 tlisivorlilgirstunfb `ialocated .iria

r11, which can be shut 01T by ay The ,valve piston e5 is likewise supplied with steam. For

Where it acts on the piston e to holdl the slide valve in the right-hand end position...

ating meansof .the valvetl. The admission con- Vtrol 4valves s1. and 52,. receive steam from the pipes r1 and 15, .the former being connected to the-pipe ',111i and ,communicatingthrough the latter with v thecasing. 1 through the ports r2 and1 -3. -The WpipeL15 branchesoif from therpipe 11, andcoln- Athrough the stationary reversing valve t2 and the pipe 11. to act on the dierential piston e. The

reversing chamber f3 communicates through the 85 pipe 11,1 and the ports r3 and 19 with the exhaust 712.7 The slide valve is therefore held fast in the right-handend position. Through the pipe 1*"I connected to the slide valve casing 1' the dashpot moving the slide valve into the steam cut-on position the valve s2 is opened and permits live steamY to enter from .the pipe 15 into the pipe m1 into the reversing chamber f2. The admission control valves s1 and s2 are opened by means of 95 camswy, y1, respectively, rotated vby a shaft w, against the `actionof closing; springs s3, s4.

The shaft wy is rotated. by means of a bevel gear 28 xed on it and -meshing'with abevel gear 29 fixed on one end of va shaft 30, on the;y 100 other end of Whichis xed a bevel gear 31 meshing WithY a bevel zgear 32 fixed on'the engine crankshaft 121, the transmission ratio of the bevel gearing being such that the shaft w is rotated at .the same speed as the crankshaft. 105

The cams y and y1 are adjustable, as hereinafter described, so that they .canV open the associated admission control valve earlier or later as desired, for the purpose of regulating the cut- .Y off. If, the admission control valve s2 is opened,iill0 thev slide valve being in the position shown in Fig'. 1, so that through the pipe m1 steam is supplied Ytov the reversingchamber `f21of the diierential piston e2, the area of Which is approximately twice as great as the area of the smaller `1?-15 differential piston e, since the ,samesteam pressure prevails -in the twoi reversing chambersf and f2, the slide valve iszmovedY to the left and ,shuts olf vthe supply of live steamtotherreversing cliarnberj2 -by vmeanspof the' diiferential pis-.120

ton. e3.- The vsteam enclosed in thefreversing chamber f2 then expandsgthe slide'valve continuingits motionto the left against the force of the steam acting on the'diiferential piston e .which retards the vmotion of the slide valve until 1.25

the pressure in the reversing4 chamber f2 isequal .to aboutfhalf the pressure in the reversing chamber when a state of equilibrium of the'slide valve is attained. The slide valve is now in the cut-off position shownl inFig. 2v in which the cylinder admission port a3 is covered by the valve part d1. In orderY to make this position Vindependent of 'the action of inertia forces and friction, for the purpose of satisfactorily xing the position of the slide valve, the dashpot piston e5 is provided. As shown in Figure 2, the piston e4 of the slide valve bears against the left-hand inside Wall of the dashpot piston e5, which is held fast inl its right-hand end position by live steam supplied through the pipe 1". .Since steam can no longer pass into or escape from the reversing chamber f2 and that of the steam in the chamber f5 acting on the dashpot piston e5 remains constant, the valve is satisfactorily held fast in the steam cut-off position.

In Fig. 2the portion d2 of the slide valve still leaves the exhaust passage h2 of the Working cylinderuncovered, so that compression is only effected after the passage h2 is covered by the Working piston b. By the time the piston 'b has 150 reached the deadcentre position the distributing While the right-hand sideof the dashpot piston e5 is supplied with steamthrough the piper, and the steam from-the reversingv chamber ,1V passes to the exhaust port -rlo through thepipe '11., the reversing slide valve t2, theport'r8 and the! distributing slide va'lvetl,` f I f I The main slide valve d1; d2 is therebyrnoved into the left-hand end` position shown in Fig. 3 and the'returnl stroke then commences, the cutoibeing now undervthe control of theadmission control valve s1. When the valve Slis-opened by the foam Vy, steam Vis supplied through the pipe r11, the chamber o f the distributingslide valve t1, the port`19, lthe chamber ofthe reversingvalve t? and the port r3 to the pipes r`r1 an'dvl and thence to the reversing space-,f1 toacton the larger diierential piston e1. "The main'slide valve is thereby moved tojtheright into the'position shown in Fig. 4 in` a similar manner to that already described in connection with the piston e2,.the small piston e shutting off the supplyo'f steam to the reversing space ,f1 through thepipe m and the part d2 of the main slidevalve covering the admission passageV 'ai ofrtheworking cylinder and'outting ofvthe steam supply tothe cylinder.r The main slide Valve isheld fastinthis position by the dashpot piston e5"fto which'steain islsupplied through the pipe r'lwhich holds it in its left-hand end position, theA dashpotpiston'serving as a stop for the piston e4; Hence the dashpot piston e5, in conjunction: With ,theI piston e4, also ensures that the main slide valve `during the return stroke willV move into the required'cut-off position shown in Figui-eli,

The'dis'tributing slide valve t1 then moves into the position shown in Fig. 1 and changes over the steam connections so that live steam is admitted through the pipe n to the reversing chamber f and through the pipe 1"I to the left-hand side of the dashpot piston e5, while the steam on the right-hand side of the dashpot piston passes out of the reversing space f5 through the 'pipe nl, the chamber of the reversing valve t2 and the port r9 to the exhaust port r11. The parts are now in the position shown in Fig. 1.

The adjusting means for the cams 'y and 'y1 for varying the cut-oir comprise a sleeve w3 which is splined to the cam-shaft w, so as to revolve with the shaft and to be axially displaceable thereon, the cams y and 'y1 being mounted on said sleeve and prevented from axial displacement thereon by means of spacing rings w20. The sleeve w3 has a helical groove for each of the cams y, y1, only one of said grooves being shown for the sake of clearness. The cams are provided with keys Which engage in the respective grooves so that the c ams rotate with the sleeve and the shaft w. The sleeve is displaceable axially by means of a lever w21 which engages a groove w22 on the sleeve. When the sleeve w3 is slid axially by means of the lever w21, the cams y, y1, owing to the engagement of the keys thereof with the helical grooves, are turned in the same direction so that they will open the valvessl, s2 earlier or later in accordance with the angular position into which they have been adjusted.

Hence it will be seen from the foregoing that by adjusting the cams y, 'y1 on the shaft w that open the admission control valves s1 and s2, accurate regulation of the cut-off to the Working cylinder is obtained.

"j The positively driven distributing-slide valvet1. is oonstructed'withsmall laps,Y like the reversing valve-t2, which, by interchanging the control pipes,

' determines the directionof rotation ofthe engine.

'As willbe seen fromFigs. l to 4, the differential pistons, which are xed on the slide valve rod with the'p'arts d1 and' d2 or" the slide valve, are made considerably smaller in diameter than the latter. The size of these pistons is determined according tothe maximum velocity vo'i the engine'in` question, `and the 'steam pressure available..

Since the' inertia forces of the slide valveare t'alter'rup by steam cushions in the end positions and also in thecut-off positions, by suitablearrangementof the .steam supply pipes as shown by theigures,'noise1ess Working/'of the valve gear is ensured underall operating conditions and at" all speeds."V

l'What I'claim is: i F I- -v 1. -In a reciprocating' steam engine, theI combinationvvith a steam,cylinder and a Ypistonmovable therein, a slide valve'casing having inlet and Vexhaustports in open communication Withy said cylinder-',- amain slide'valve'movabl'e in saidY slide valvecasing Vand adapted Yto cover and uncover said ports .for controlling the Vadmission to vand exhaust of steam from said cylinder and comprising two pairs of diierential pistons, ofv conduits for supplying steam to one of the dilerential pistons of each pair for movingthe slide valve into an initial, steam cut-olf position and conduits for supplying 'steam vtotheother difierential pist0n of each pair formovingl the slidefvalve further int'ofaterminal position for 'admitting steam to the opposite end of the cylinder,controlling valves, Vinterposed in the said steamfsupplying conduits for controlling.`l the supply' of steam vto the said differential pistons, said controlling valves being operatively connected tothe engine piston--soas to be'positively 'actuatable thereby, asrand vfor the purposes set forth.

2. In a reciprocating steam engine, the combination with a steam cylinder and a piston movable therein, a slide valve casing having inlet and exhaust ports in open communication with said cylinder, a main slide valve movable in said slide valve casing and adapted to cover and uncover `said ports for controlling the admission to and exhaust ofsteam from said cylinder and comprising two pairs of differential pistons, each pair comprising a larger piston and a, smaller piston, of conduits for supplying steam to the larger piston of each differential piston for moving the slide valve into an initial, steam cut-off position, controlling valves interposed in said steam supplying conduits for controlling the supply of steam tosaid largerpistons, saidv yto the smaller piston of each diierential piston for moving the slide valve into a terminal position for admitting steam to the opposite end of the cylinder and a slide valve operatively connected to the piston, so as to be positively actuatable thereby, interposed in the steam supplying conduits for the said smaller pistons, as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a reciprocating steam engine, the combination with a steam cylinder and a piston movable therein, a slide valve casing having inlet and exhaust ports in open communication with said cylinder, a main slide valve movable in said slide valve casing and adapted to cover and uncover said ports for controlling the admission to and exhaustl of steam from said cylinder and comprising twoy pairs of diiferential pistons, each pair .comprising -a larger piston and a smaller piston, of conduits for supplying steam to the larger piston of each differential piston for movingr the slide valve into an initial, steam cut-olf position, controlling valves interposed in said steam supplying conduits for controlling the supply of steam to said larger pistons, a camshaft, means operatively connected to said camshaft andto the engine piston for imparting rotary movement to the camshaft, cams on said camshaft operatively connected to said controlling valvesfor actuating said valves, conduits for supplying steam to the smaller piston of each differential piston for moving the slide valve into a terminal `position for admitting steam to the opposite end of the cylinder and a slide valve operatively connected to the piston, so as to be positively actuatable thereby, interposed in the steam supplying conduitsfor the said smaller pistons, as and for the purposes Set forth.

4. In a reciprocating steam engine, the combination with a steam cylinder and a Vpiston movable therein, a slide valve casing having inlet and exhaust ports in open communication with said cylinder, a main vslide valve movable in said slide valve casing and adapted to cover and uncover said ports for controlling the admission to and exhaust of steam from said cylinder and comprising two pairs of differential pistons, each pairlcomprising a larger piston and a smaller piston, of conduits for supplying steam to the larger piston of each differential piston for moving the slide valve into an initial, steam cut-off position, controlling valves interposedin said steam supplying conduits for controlling the supply of steam to said larger pistons, a camshaft, means operatively connected to said camshaftandto "the, engine piston for imparting rotary movement to the camshaft, a sleeve axially displaceable on said camshaft and operativelyconnected thereto so as to be capableof turning with the camshaft, a helical groove in said sleeve, cams onsaid sleeve operatively connected to said controlling valves and having drivingprojections engaged with said helical groove, distance 4rings on said sleeve between said cams for preventing axial displacement ofthe cams, conduits for supplying steam to the smaller piston of each differential piston for moving the slidevalve into a terminal position Vfor admitting steam to the opposite end ofr the cylinder anda slide valve operatively connected to the piston, so as to be positively actuatable thereby, interposedv in the steam supplying conduits for the said smaller pistons,vas and forthe purposes set forth.v y Y 5.In areciprocating steam engine, the combination as set forth in claim 1 with la reversing slidevalvey interposed inthe steam supplying conduits for the smaller pistons forv controlling the supply of steam tothe controllingyalves for controlling the supply Ofsteam to the differential pistons.

6. In a reciprocating steam engine,.the combination as s et forth in claim 1 with a working chamber in the valve casing, a hollow dashpot piston sliolable` in said Working chamber, an auxiliary piston on the end of the main slide valve, saidl auxiliary` piston being passed. into .the interior of vthe dashpot. piston with clearance so as Vto be slidable therein and pipes connected tothe opposite ends of said Working chamber and to the conduits for supplying steam to the differential pistons, as and for the purposes set forth.

n FRITZ 'IOLKIEN 

